Palaeohistology

intercostal plates of neornithischian dinosaurs (Hypsilophodon foxii, Talenkauen santacrucensis and Thescelosaurus sp.)

vertebrae and long bones of odontocete (cf. Platanistidae Pachyacanthus suessii, Delphinida indet.) and mysticete whales (Cetotheriidae Brandtocetus sp., Cetotheriinae indet.), and phocid Pinnipedia (Cryptophoca maeotica, Monachopsis pontica, Pachyphoca chapskii); comparison to extant cetaceans and phocids (Phocoena phocoena, Mesoplodon densirostris, Delphinus delphis, Halichoerus grypus, Mirounga leonina, Monachus monachus)

shell bones of meiolaniform turtle Trapalcochelys sulcata

tibiae of psittacosaurid ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis

azhdarchoid pterosaur Lonchodectes (“Pterodactylus giganteus”)

reference to turtles (“Colossochelys atlas”) and dinosaurs including birds (Iguanodon, Dinornis) and synapsids (proboscidean Mastodon, xenarthran Megatherium); possibly bone histology of pterosaur bones (“Pterodactyle”)

reference to turtle ("Geochelone atlas") and phython bones; bone histological image of humerus of a "pterodactyle"; further images of extant animals (fishes, amphibians, ostrich, human)

sauropod Pelorosaurus conybeari and the nodosaurid ankylosaur Hylaeosaurus

sauropod Pelorosaurus conybeari and the nodosaurid ankylosaur Hylaeosaurus

sauropod Cetiosaurus brevis and general notes to bone histology in dinosaurs

reptiles including ichthyosaurs (Ichthyosaurus), turtles (“Colossochelys atlas”), pterosaurs (Pterodactylus) and birds (Dinornis giganteus, Anomalopteryx didiformis [orig. referred to as Dinornis didiformis]) and synapsids including afrotheres (proboscidean Mastodon), artiodactyls (Megaloceros giganteus [orig. referred to as Megaceros]), perissodactyls (fossil Equus?, fossil Rhinocereros?) and xenarthrans (Glyptodon clavipes, Megatherium cuvieri, Mylodon robustus)

dermal spine of Hylaeosaurus (Thyreophora: Ankylosauria)

crocodylians (?Madriosaurus, Machinosaurus hugii), turtles (Plesiochelys solodurensis, ?Emys), sauropterygians (Plesiosaurus?), synapsids (rhinocerotid Aceratherium, sirenian Halitherium studeri, proboscidean Mastodon?, “Hyopotamus gresslii”, cervid Cervus tarandus, equid Cervus ferus caballus?, bovid Bos taurus, hominid Homo sapiens, Mammalia indet.?), birds (Dinornithidae indet. [originally referred to Euryapteryx rheides, see also Worthy and Holdaway, 2002])

ichthyosaurs and sauropterygians (Ichthyosaurus, Nothosaurus mirabilis, Plesiosaurus); sauropodomorph Thecodontosaurus

solemydid turtle limb ossicles [see also Barrett et al., 2002]; osteoderms of atoposaurid mesoeucrocodylian Theriosuchus pusillus

Kiprijanoff, 1881-1883: ichthyosaurs (Platypterygius kiprijanoffi [originally referred to as Ichthyosaurus campylodon, see McGowan and Motani, 2003]), plesiosaurs (Plesiosaurus bernardi, P. neocomensis, “P. gurgitis”, P. planus, P. helmersenii, Polyptychodon interruptus, possibly Pliosaurus brachyspondylus [originally referred to as Pliosaurus wossinskii], Thaumatosaurus mosquensis, “Lütkesaurus”), dinosaurs (Theropoda indet. [originally referred to as Poekilopleuron schmidti, see Weishampel et al., 2004]), and synapsids (Bos primigenius)

Kiprijanoff, 1881-1883: ichthyosaurs (Platypterygius kiprijanoffi [originally referred to as Ichthyosaurus campylodon, see McGowan and Motani, 2003]), plesiosaurs (Plesiosaurus bernardi, P. neocomensis, “P. gurgitis”, P. planus, P. helmersenii, Polyptychodon interruptus, possibly Pliosaurus brachyspondylus [originally referred to as Pliosaurus wossinskii], Thaumatosaurus mosquensis, “Lütkesaurus”), dinosaurs (Theropoda indet. [originally referred to as Poekilopleuron schmidti, see Weishampel et al., 2004]), and synapsids (Bos primigenius)

Kiprijanoff, 1881-1883: ichthyosaurs (Platypterygius kiprijanoffi [originally referred to as Ichthyosaurus campylodon, see McGowan and Motani, 2003]), plesiosaurs (Plesiosaurus bernardi, P. neocomensis, “P. gurgitis”, P. planus, P. helmersenii, Polyptychodon interruptus, possibly Pliosaurus brachyspondylus [originally referred to as Pliosaurus wossinskii], Thaumatosaurus mosquensis, “Lütkesaurus”), dinosaurs (Theropoda indet. [originally referred to as Poekilopleuron schmidti, see Weishampel et al., 2004]), and synapsids (Bos primigenius)

Kiprijanoff, 1881-1883: ichthyosaurs (Platypterygius kiprijanoffi [originally referred to as Ichthyosaurus campylodon, see McGowan and Motani, 2003]), plesiosaurs (Plesiosaurus bernardi, P. neocomensis, “P. gurgitis”, P. planus, P. helmersenii, Polyptychodon interruptus, possibly Pliosaurus brachyspondylus [originally referred to as Pliosaurus wossinskii], Thaumatosaurus mosquensis, “Lütkesaurus”), dinosaurs (Theropoda indet. [originally referred to as Poekilopleuron schmidti, see Weishampel et al., 2004]), and synapsids (Bos primigenius)

bone histology of ichthyosaur (Ichthyosaurus), thyreophoran dinosaur (Struthiosaurus? [originally referred to as Crataeomus], crocodylian (“Crocodylus proavus”), sirenian (Halitherium veronense, H. schinzi, H. christoli, H. [crassum]?), proboscidean (Mastodon), Cetacea indet., artiodactyles (Hippopotamus, Ruminantia indet. [referred to as antelope from the lower Pliocene]), Pleistocene taxa [Sus scrofa, possibly Capreolus, Ursus spelaeus, Arvicola, indet. skull bones])

osteoderms of mylodontid Xernarthra (Neomylodon listei)

osteoderms of mylodontid Xernarthra ["Grypotherium domesticum"]

longitudinal section of Tanystropheus conspicuus neck vertebra

nothosaurs (i.e., Nothosaurus mirabilis), ichthyosaurs (Ophthalmosaurus [orig. referred to as Baptanodon; see McGowan and Motani, 2003], Temnodontosaurus (=Ichthyosaurus) trigonodon, Leptonectes (=Ichthyosaurus) tenuirostris, Stenopterygius (=Ichthyosaurus) quadriscissus), champsosaurid choristoderes (Simoedosaurus lemoinei [orig. referred to as Champsosaurus lemoinei]), anguid lepidosaurs (Placosaurus [orig. referred to as Palaeovaranus]), mosasaurs (Mosasaurus, Plioplatecarpus marshi, Platecarpus coryphaeus, Clidastes velox, ?C. tortor, Tylosaurus proriger), sauropterygians (Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus, P. helmersenii; possibly Polyptychodon), phytosaurs (Termatosaurus alberti, Nicrosaurus kapffi [orig. referred to as Belodon kapffii; see Abel, 1922, Hungerbühler, 2002]), possibly rauisuchian archosaurs (?Batrachotomus; orig. referred to as Zanclodon laevis), crocodylomorphs (Cricosaurus grandis, Goniopholis, Metriorhynchus, Mystriosaurus, Pelagosaurus temporalis, Steneosaurus bollensis), dinosaurs (Plateosaurus, Camarasaurus, Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Haplocanthosaurus priscus [orig. referred to as H. utterbacki], Allosaurus, Megalosaurus, Dryptosaurus, Iguanodon bernissartensis, Stegosaurus, Triceratops, ?Trachodon [=Anatosaurus, see Reid, 1984a,b, 1985]), pterosaurs (Rhamphocephalus bucklandi, Pteranodon)

cross-sections of vertebrae of sauropterygians (Nothosaurus) and archosauromorphs (tanystropheid Tanystropheus conspicuus; dinosaur Thecodontosaurus primus)

tendons of hadrosaur ?Trachodon [=Anatosaurus, see Reid, 1984a,b, 1985]

pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simoliophis and Pachyophis)

pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simoliophis and Pachyophis)

pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simoliophis and Pachyophis)

dinosaur tendons (Edmontosaurus annectens [originally referred to as Trachodon annectens], ankylosaurid Ankylosaurus)

osteoderms of cingulates (pampatheriid Holmesina; dasypodid Dasypus [Tatu] bellus; glyptodontid Glyptotherium [Boreostracon]) and giant sloth (Mylodon)

dinosaurs (hadrosaurs Hypacrosaurus, Anatosaurus [originally referred to as Trachodon], Orthomerus, specimens of Hadrosauridae [originally referred to as Tetragonosaurus, see also Reid, 1997a, including probably Lambeosaurus lambei [originally referred to as Tetragonosaurus praeceps therein], theropod Gorgosaurus, ceratopsian Monoclonius, iguanodontid Rhabdodon, Camptosaurus, Iguanodon). Further reference to dinosaurs (theropod Procompsognathus, Coelophysis, Struthiomimus, Ornithomimus, Megalosaurus, Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Spinosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, Coelurosauria indet., hypsilophodontid Hypsilophodon, iguanodontid Camptosaurus, thyreophoran Scelidosaurus, Kentrosaurus [originally referred to as Kentrurosaurus], Stegosaurus, Struthiosaurus, Ankylosaurus, ceratopsian Psittacosaurus Protoceratops, Brachyceratops, Leptoceratops, Triceratops, ornithopod Dryosaurus [=Dysalotosaurus?]), ichthyosaurs (Temnodontosaurus acutirostris [originally referred to Leptopterygius acutirostris], Stenopterygius, Ophthalmosaurus), synapsids (dicynodont Dicynodon whaitsi, Lystrosaurus, Dicynodon)

nothosaurs (Nothosaurus sp.), plesiosaurs (Cryptocleidus, Peloneustes), ichthyosaurs (Ichthyosaurus sp., Ophthalmosaurus icenicus), mosasaurs (Mosasaurus), champsosaurid choristoderes (Simoedosaurus), crocodylians (Mystriosaurus), erythosuchids (Erythrosuchus africanus), synapsids (dicynodont Kannemeyeria simocephalus, proboscidean Mammuthus primigenius), dinosaurs incl. birds (Plateosaurus longiceps, Brachiosaurus brancai, Iguanodon bernissartensis, Dinornis sp.) and pterosaurs (Dorygnathus banthensis)

bone histology of sirenians (Halitherium), crocodylians (Teleosaurus cadomensis), mesosaurs (Mesosaurus brasiliensis, Stereosternum sp.), champsosaurid choristoderes (Champsosaurus sp.), mosasaurs (Aigialosaurus [originally referred to as Opetiosaurus, see Dutchak and Caldwell, 2009]), serpents (Pachyophis), sauropterygians (Pliosaurus ferox, “Pliosaurus adultus”, Pliosaurus sp., “Proneusticosaurus voltzi”, Neusticosaurus edwardsii [originally referred to as Pachypleurosaurus edwardsi])

sauropterygian pachypleurosaur Neusticosaurus edwardsii (originally referred to as Pachypleurosaurus edwardsii)

dicynodont Kannemeyeria simocephalus; sauropods Brachiosaurus brancai and Pelorosaurus

ornithopod Rhabdodon priscus [originally referred to as Rhabdodon priscum] and sauropod Hypselosaurus priscus

turtle Protostega gigas [originally referred to as Protostega dixie, see Hooks, 1998]

parareptiles (captorhinid Captorhinus sp., Labidosaurus sp.) and eureptilians including ichthyosaurs (Ichthyosaurus, Ophthalmosaurus [orig. referred to as Baptanodon; see McGowan and Motani, 2003]), sauropterygians (Nothosaurus, Plesiosaurus), anguimorph lepidosaurs (Peltosaurus granulosus), the Eocene snake “Palaeoplus”, mosasaurs (Mosasaurus), turtles (solemydid “Trachydermochelys”, pleurosternid Glyptops, diverse fossil genera of uncertain affinity [e.g., “Testudo” from the Miocene; “Podocnemis expansa” from the Cretaceous?), rhynchosaurs (Scaphonyx), araeoscelidians (Araeoscelis casei [orig. referred to as Ophiodeirus casei), phytosaurs (Phytosaurus sp., Termatosaurus sp.), crocodylians (Mystriosaurus, Pelagosaurus, Goniopholis, diverse Crocodylia indet.), pterosaurs (Pteranodon sp.), dinosaurs incl. birds (Brachiosaurus, Plateosaurus, Diplodocus, Allosaurus, Megalosaurus, Dryptosaurus, Iguanodon, Stegosaurus, Triceratops, ?Trachodon [=Anatosaurus, see Reid, 1984a,b, 1985], Plautus impennis [=Great Auk]), and synapsids (pelycosaur Edaphosaurus, Dimetrodon, Ophiacodon; dicynodont Kannemeyeria, Dinodontosaurus)

synapsids including multituberculates (Ptilodus), primates (Plesiolestes sp.), carnivores (Dissacus sp., Oxyaena ultima, Didymictis sp., Dinictis sp., Mustelavus sp., Carnivora indet.), pantodonts (Coryphodon sp.), mesonychids (Dissacus sp.) artiodactyls (ruminant Bison sp, merycoidodontid Merycoidodon sp. [orig. referred to as Oreodon], leptomerycid Leptomeryx sp., Artiodactyla indet.), perissodactyls (Hyrachyus sp., tapiroid Heptodon brownorum, equid Merychippus sp., Mesohippus sp., Parahippus blackburgi and Plesippus shoshonensis, chalicothere Moropus, rhinocerotid Teleoceras sp.) and xenarthrans (Megalocnus sp., Glyptodon sp.)

sauropod “Rebbachisaurus” tamesnensis and Sauropoda indet.

Pelycosauria indet.; captorhinid eureptile Captorhinus aguti

eutherians (Gomphotherium sp., Mammuthus columbi, Mammuthus primigenius, Uintatherium sp.) and Therapsida indet.; sauropod Apatosaurus sp.

iguanodontid dinosaur ‘Mochlodon’, [other material mentioned belonging to Carnosauria indet., Dinosauria indet. and Pterosauria indet.]