Palaeohistology

Author: Torsten Scheyer (Zürich), (DB update: 8 Apr. 2026)
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Reference
Publication Year (use * as wildcard)
Taxa sampled and further notes
 Classical overview work (1)
 Fossil Synapsida (2)
 Parareptilia (3)
 Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds) (4)
 Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds) (5)

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Reference
Publication YearLink Morphobank DOI
1   
1
Classical overview work
2   
2
Fossil Synapsida
3   
3
Parareptilia
4   
4
Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds)
5   
5
Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds)
Taxa sampled and further notes
Wilson, L. E. 2023. Rapid growth in Late Cretaceous sea turtles reveals life history strategies similar to extant leatherbacks. PeerJ 11:e14864.
2023 DOI
limb bones of stem-chelonioid marine turtles (Toxo read more
limb bones of stem-chelonioid marine turtles (Toxochelys, Desmatochelys, and Protostega)
Wilson, L. E., and K. Chin. 2014. Comparative osteohistology of Hesperornis with reference to pygoscelid penguins: the effects of climate and behaviour on avian bone microstructure. The Royal Society Open Science 1:140245.
2014 DOI
long bones (femora and tibiotarsi) of hesperornith read more
long bones (femora and tibiotarsi) of hesperornithiform Hesperornis; comparison with extant Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins
Wintrich, T., M. Scaal, and P. M. Sander. 2017. Foramina in plesiosaur cervical centra indicate a specialized vascular system. Fossil Record 20:279-290.
2017 DOI vertebra of Pleisiosauria indet.
Wintrich, T., M. Scaal, C. Böhmer, R. Schellhorn, I. Kogan, A. van der Reest, and P. M. Sander. 2020. Palaeontological evidence reveals convergent evolution of intervertebral joint types in amniotes. Scientific Reports 10:14106.
2020 DOI
vertebral centra of squamate Mosasaurus missourien read more
vertebral centra of squamate Mosasaurus missouriensis, Ophidia indet.; mesosaurid Stereosternum tumidum, ornithischian dinosaur Hadrosauridae indet.; Dromaeosauridae indet.; Ornithomimidae indet., Aves indet.; ichthyosaur Stenopterygius sp., Cymbospondylus sp. Cymbospondylidae new taxon A, thalattosuchian crocodylomorph Steneosaurus, diadectomorph Diadectes sideropelicus, synapsid Dimetrodon natalis, cf. Eurohippus; hupehsuchian Nanchangosaurus suni; sauropterygian placodont Placodus gigas, pachypleurosaurid Neusticosaurus peyeri, plesiosaurid Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus; thalattosaurian Xinpusaurus suni [additional info on extant seal Phoca vitulina, Phython sp., Sphenodon punctatus
Wintrich, T., S. Hayashi, A. Houssaye, Y. Nakajima, and P. M. Sander. 2017. A Triassic plesiosaurian skeleton and bone histology inform on evolution of a unique body plan. Science Advances 3:e1701144.
2017 DOI
long bones (humeri and femora) of pliosaurid pleis read more
long bones (humeri and femora) of pliosaurid pleisosaurians (Rhaeticosaurus mertensi, Pliosaurus sp.), pleisosaurid plesiosaurians Plesiosaurus dolichodirus, cryptoclidid plesiosaurian Crytpoclidus eurymerus, pistosauroid Pistosaurus longaevus, nothosaurid Nothosaurus mirabilis [bone apposition rates also for Neusticosaurus pusillus, Nothosaurus sp., Pistosaurus grandaevus, Rhaeticosaurus mertensi , Plesiosaurus dolichodirus, Cryptoclidus eurymerus, Plesiosauridae indet.]
Witzmann, F., H. Scholz, J. Müller, and N. Kardjilov. 2010. Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160:302-340.
2010 DOI dermal skull bone of captorhinid Captorhinus aguti
Wolf, D., D. C. Kalthoff, and P. M. Sander. 2012. Osteoderm histology of the Pampatheriidae (Cingulata, Xenarthra, Mammalia): Implications for systematics, osteoderm growth, and biomechanical adaptation. Journal of Morphology 273:388-404.
2012 DOI
osteoderms of pampatheriid xenarthrans ( Kraglievi read more
osteoderms of pampatheriid xenarthrans ( Kraglievichia sp., Pampatherium humboldtii, Pampatherium typum, Holmesina floridanus, Holmesina sp., Pampatheriidae indet.), dasypodid (Dasypus bellus) and glyptodont (Propalaehoplophorus sp., Panochthus tuberculatus, Glyptodon clavipes, Glyptodon sp., Glyptotherium sp.) xenarthrans [also including data on extant Dasypodidae]
Woodruff, D. C., D. A. Fowler, and J. R. Horner. 2017. A new multi-faceted framework for deciphering diplodocid ontogeny. Palaeontologia Electronica 20.3.43A.
2017 DOI
long bones, vertebrae, and ribs of diplodocid dino read more
long bones, vertebrae, and ribs of diplodocid dinosaurs (Diplodocus carnegii, Diplodocus sp., Apatosaurus sp., Diplodocidae indet.)
Woodward, H. N. 2019. Maiasaura (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) tibia osteohistology reveals non-annual cortical vascular rings in young of the year. Frontiers in Earth Science 7: 50.
2019 DOI
tibiae of hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur Maiasaur read more
tibiae of hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum
Woodward, H. N., and T. M. Lehman. 2009. Bone histology and microanatomy of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Maastrichtian of Big Bend National Park, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:807-821.
2009 DOI titanosaurid sauropod Alamosaurus sanjuanensis
Woodward, H. N., E. A. Freedman Fowler, J. O. Farlow, and J. R. Horner. 2015. Maiasaura, a model organism for extinct vertebrate population biology: a large sample statistical assessment of growth dynamics and survivorship. Paleobiology 41:503-527.
2015 DOI
long bones of hadrosaurid dinosaur Maiasaura peebl read more
long bones of hadrosaurid dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum
Woodward, H. N., J. R. Horner, and J. O. Farlow. 2011. Osteohistological evidence for determinate growth in the American Alligator. Journal of Herpetology 45:339-342.
2011 DOI
besides femur of extant Alligator mississippiensis read more
besides femur of extant Alligator mississippiensis, fibula of theropod Tyrannosaurus and humerus of stagonolepid aetosaur Desmatosuchus
Woodward, H. N., T. H. Rich, A. Chinsamy, and P. Vickers-Rich. 2011. Growth dynamics of Australia’s polar dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23339.
2011 DOI
bone histology of long bones of hypsilophodontid o read more
bone histology of long bones of hypsilophodontid ornithopod dinosaurs (Dryosaurus sp., Orodromeus sp., Hypsilophodontidae indet.) and a small theropod (aff. Timimus hermani)
Woodward, H. N., T. H. Rich, and P. Vickers-Rich. 2018. The bone microstructure of polar "hypsilophodontid" dinosaurs from Victoria, Australia. Scientific Reports 8:1162.
2018 DOI longbones of "hypsilophodont" ornithopod dinosaurs
Wosik, M., and D. C. Evans. 2022. Osteohistological and taphonomic life-history assessment of Edmontosaurus annectens (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Ruth Mason dinosaur quarry, South Dakota, United States, with implication for ontogenetic segregation between juvenile and adult hadrosaurids. Journal of Anatomy 241:272-296.
2022 DOI
long bones of hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus a read more
long bones of hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens
Reference
Publication YearLink Morphobank DOI
1   
1
Classical overview work
2   
2
Fossil Synapsida
3   
3
Parareptilia
4   
4
Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds)
5   
5
Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds)
Taxa sampled and further notes
Wu, Q., C. He, Z. Li, S. Jiang, X. Wang, and Z. Zhou. 2023. The morphology and histology of the pectoral girdle of Hamipterus (Pterosauria), from the Early Cretaceous of Northwest China. The Anatomical Record (in press).
2023 DOI
girdle bones of pterodactyloid pterosaur Hamipteru read more
girdle bones of pterodactyloid pterosaur Hamipterus sp.
Wynd, B. M., B. R. Peecook, M. R. Whitney, and C. A. Sidor. 2017. The first occurrence of Cynognathus crateronotus (Cynodontia: Cynognathia) in Tanzania and Zambia, with implications for the age and biostratigraphic correlation of Triassic strata in southern Pangea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37:sup1, 228-239 [SVP Memoir 17, Volume 37, Supplement to Number 6:228–239].
2017 DOI femur of Cynognathus crateronotus
Xu, X., J. Choiniere, Q. Tan, R. B. J. Benson, J. Clark, C. Sullivan, Q. Zhao, F. Han, Q. Ma, Y. He, S. Wang, H. Xing, and L. Tan. 2018. Two Early Cretaceous fossils document transitional stages in alvarezsaurian dinosaur evolution. Current Biology 28:2853-2860.
2018 DOI
fibula of alvarezsaurian theropod dinosaurs (Xiyu read more
fibula of alvarezsaurian theropod dinosaurs (Xiyunykus pengi, Bannykus wulatensis)
Xu, X., Q. Zhao, C. Sullivan, Q.-W. Tan, M. Sander, and Q.-Y. Ma. 2012. The taxonomy of the troodontid IVPP V 10597 reconsidered. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 50:140-150.
2012 Link femur of troodontid dinosaur Philovenator curriei
Xu, X., Z. Zhou, R. Dudley, S. Mackem, C.-M. Chuong, G. M. Erickson, and D. J. Varricchio. 2014. An integrative approach to understanding bird origins. Science 346:1253293.
2014 DOI femur of paravian Archaeopteryx
Xu, Xing, J. M. Clark, Mo, Jinyou, J. Choiniere, C. A. Forster, G. M. Erickson, D. W. E. Hone, C. Sullivan, D. A. Eberth, S. Nesbitt, Zhao, Qi, R. Hernandez, Jia, Cheng-kai, Han, Feng-lu, and Guo Yu. 2009. A Jurassic ceratosaur from China helps clarify avian digital homologies. Nature 459:940-944.
2009 DOI fibula of ceratosaur Limusaurus inextricabilis
Xu, Xing, Zhao, Qi, M. Norell, C. Sullivan, D. Hone, G. Erickson, Wang, XiaoLin, Han, FengLu, and Guo, Yu. 2009. A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin. Chinese Science Bulletin 54:430-435.
2009 DOI femur of maniraptoran dinosaur Anchiornis huxleyi
Ye, Y., G.-z. Peng, and S. Jiang. 2007. Preliminary histological study on the long bones of Middle Jurassic Shunosaurus and Omeisaurus from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 46:135-144.
2007
sauropods Omeisaurus tianfuensis and Shunosaurus l read more
sauropods Omeisaurus tianfuensis and Shunosaurus lii
Zafaty, O., M. Oukassou, F. Riguetti, J. Company, S. Bendrioua, R. Tabuce, A. Charrière, and X. Pereda-Suberbiola. 2024. A new stegosaurian dinosaur (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) with a remarkable dermal armour from the Middle Jurassic of North Africa. Gondwana Research 131:344-362.
2024 DOI
osteoderms and rib of stegosaurian Thyreosaurus at read more
osteoderms and rib of stegosaurian Thyreosaurus atlasicus
Zangerl, R. 1935. B. Peyer, Die Triasfauna der Tessiner Kalkalpen. IX. Pachypleurosaurus edwardsi, Cornalia sp. Abhandlungen der schweizerischen Paläontologischen Gesellschaft 56:1-80.
1935
sauropterygian pachypleurosaur Neusticosaurus edwa read more
sauropterygian pachypleurosaur Neusticosaurus edwardsii (originally referred to as Pachypleurosaurus edwardsii)
Zangerl, R. 1953. The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Part III: The turtles of the family Protostegidae. Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs 3:57-133.
1953
turtle Protostega gigas [originally referred to as read more
turtle Protostega gigas [originally referred to as Protostega dixie, see Hooks, 1998]
Zanno, L. E., D. J. Varricchio, P. M. O´Connor, A. L. Titus, and M. J. Knell. 2011. A new troodontid theropod, Talos sampsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of North America. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24487.
2011 DOI tibia of troodontid theropod Talos sampsoni
Zedda, M., V. Sathe, P. Chakraborty, M. R. Palombo, and V. Farina. 2020. A first comparison of bone histomorphometry in extant domestic horses (Equus caballus) and a Pleistocene Indian wild horse (Equus namadicus) Integrative Zoology 15:448-460.
2020 DOI bones of equid mammal Equus namadicus
Zelenitsky, D. K., F. Therrien, G. M. Erickson, C. L. DeBuhr, Y. Kobayashi, D. A. Eberth, and F. Hadfield. 2012. Feathered non-avian dinosaurs from North America provide insight into wing origins. Science 338:510-514.
2012 DOI ornithomimosaur theropod Ornithomimus edmontonicus
Zhang, Fucheng, Lianhai Hou, and Lian Ouyang. 1998. Osteological microstructure of Confuciusornis: preliminary report. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 36:126-135.
1998
birds (Confuciusornis sp., Galliformes indet. [fro read more
birds (Confuciusornis sp., Galliformes indet. [from Zhoukoudian]), with reference to Patagopteryx deferrariisi
Zhao, B., B. P. Hedrick, C. Gao, A. R. Tumarkin-Deratzian, F. Zhang, C. Shen, and P. Dodson. 2016. Histologic examination of an assemblage of Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) juveniles from the Yixian Formation (Liaoning, China). The Anatomical Record 299:601-612.
2016 DOI femora of ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus
Reference
Publication YearLink Morphobank DOI
1   
1
Classical overview work
2   
2
Fossil Synapsida
3   
3
Parareptilia
4   
4
Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds)
5   
5
Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds)
Taxa sampled and further notes
Zhao, Q., M. J. Benton, C. Sullivan, P. M. Sander, and X. Xu. 2013. Histology and postural change during the growth of the ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis. Nature Communications 4: 2079.
2013 DOI
long bones of growth series of psittacosaurid cera read more
long bones of growth series of psittacosaurid ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis
Zhao, Q., M. J. Benton, S. Hayashi, and X. Xu. 2019. Ontogenetic stages of ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus in bone histology. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64:323-334.
2019 DOI ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis
Zhao, Q., M. J. Benton, X. Xu, and P. M. Sander. 201X. Juvenile-only clusters and behaviour of the Early Cretaceous dinosaur Psittacosaurus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (in press, uncorrected proof).
DOI
tibiae of psittacosaurid ceratopsian dinosaur Psit read more
tibiae of psittacosaurid ceratopsian dinosaur Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis
Zheng, X., J. O'Connor, X. Wang, M. Wang, X. Zhang, and Z. Zhou. 2014. On the absence of sternal elements in Anchiornis (Paraves) and Sapeornis (Aves) and the complex early evolution of the avian sternum. PNAS 111:13900-13905.
2014 DOI
long bones (growth series of humeri and femora) of read more
long bones (growth series of humeri and femora) of troodontid dinosaur (Anchiornis huxleyi) and sapeornithiform Aves (Sapeornis chaoyangensis)
Zhou, C.-F., D. Yu, Z. Zhu, and B. Andres. 2022. A new wing skeleton of the Jehol tapejarid Sinopterus and its implications for ontogeny and paleoecology of the Tapejaridae. Scientific Reports 12:10159.
2022 DOI
wing phalanx of tapejarid pterosaur Sinopterus s read more
wing phalanx of tapejarid pterosaur Sinopterus sp.
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