Palaeohistology

Author: Torsten Scheyer (Zürich), (DB update: 8 Apr. 2026)
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Reference
Publication Year (use * as wildcard)
Taxa sampled and further notes
 Classical overview work (1)
 Fossil Synapsida (2)
 Parareptilia (3)
 Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds) (4)
 Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds) (5)

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Reference
Publication YearLink Morphobank DOI
1   
1
Classical overview work
2   
2
Fossil Synapsida
3   
3
Parareptilia
4   
4
Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds)
5   
5
Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds)
Taxa sampled and further notes
Padian, K., A. de Ricqlès, and J. R. Horner. 1995. Bone histology determines identification of a new fossil taxon of pterosaur. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 320:77-84.
1995
pterosaurs (Montanazhdarcho minor and Quetzalcoatl read more
pterosaurs (Montanazhdarcho minor and Quetzalcoatlus sp.)
Padian, K., A. de Ricqlès, and J. R. Horner. 2001. Dinosaurian growth rates and birds origins. Nature 412:405-408.
2001 DOI
pseudosuchian archosaurs (Terrestrisuchus, Postosu read more
pseudosuchian archosaurs (Terrestrisuchus, Postosuchus, Stagonolepis, Typothorax, Desmatosuchus, Rutiodon) and pterosaurs (Quetzalcoatlus, Montanazhdarcho, Pteranodon, Pterodactylus, Rhamphorhynchus, Dorygnathus, Dimorphodon); dinosaur growth rates (Theropoda: Herrerasaurus, Coelophysis, Troodon, Confuciusornis, Enantiornithes, ornithurine Hesperornis, Dinornis, neognathid Diatryma, Ornithischia: thyreophoran Scutellosaurus, hypsilophodontid Orodromeus)
Padian, K., J. R. Horner, and A. de Ricqlès. 2004. Growth in small dinosaurs and pterosaurs: the evolution of archosaurian growth strategies. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:555-571.
2004 Link
small pterosaurs (Eudimorphodon [Eudimorphodon cro read more
small pterosaurs (Eudimorphodon [Eudimorphodon cromptonellus], Dimorphodon [Dimorphodon macronyx], Rhamphorhynchus, Pterodactylus); dinosaurs (Scutellosaurus, Orodromeus, Psittacosaurus: see also Erickson and Tumanova, 2000, Confuciusornis, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, Troodon, Maiasaura: see also Horner et al., 2000: Lambeosauridae indet.)
Paes-Neto, V. D., J. B. Desojo, A. C. B. Brust, C. L. Schultz, Á. A. S. Da-Rosa, and M. B. Soares. 2021. Intraspecific variation in the axial skeleton of Aetosauroides scagliai (Archosauria: Aetosauria) and its implications for the aetosaur diversity of the Late Triassic of Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) 93(Suppl. 2): e20201239.
2021 DOI osteoderm of aetosaur Polesinesuchus aurelioi
Palombo, M. R., and M. Zedda. 2022. The intriguing giant deer from the Bate cave (Crete): could paleohistological evidence question its taxonomy and nomenclature? Integrative Zoology 17:54-77.
2022 DOI
long bones of cervids Candiacervus major and Candi read more
long bones of cervids Candiacervus major and Candiacervus ropalophorus
Pardo-Pérez, J. M., B. P. Kear, M. Gómez, M. Moroni, and E. E. Maxwell. 2017. Ichthyosaurian palaeopathology: evidence of injury and disease in fossil ‘fish lizards’. Journal of Zoology. Research 304(1): 21-33.
2018 DOI
scapula (Eurhinosaurus sp.) and humerus (Ichthyos read more
scapula (Eurhinosaurus sp.) and humerus (Ichthyosaurus sp.) of ichthyosaurs
Parker, W. G., M. R. Stocker, and R. B. Irmis. 2008. A new desmatosuchine aetosaur (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Tecovas Formation (Dockum Group) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28:692-701.
2008 DOI aetosaur Sierritasuchus macalpini
Parker, W. G., S. J. Nesbitt, R. B. Irmis, J. W. Martz, A. D. Marsh, M. A. Brown, M. R. Stocker, and S. Werning. 2021. Osteology and relationships of Revueltosaurus callenderi (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, United States. The Anatomical Record [in press].
2021 DOI
long bones and osteoderms of suchian archosaurs (K read more
long bones and osteoderms of suchian archosaurs (Krzyzanowskisaurus hunti, Revueltosaurus callenderi)
Parsons, W. L., and K. M. Parsons. 2015. Morphological Variations within the ontogeny of Deinonychus antirrhopus (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae). PLoS ONE 10(4): e0121476.
2015 DOI
radius of dromaeosaurid dinosaur Deinosuchus anti read more
radius of dromaeosaurid dinosaur Deinosuchus antirrhopus
Peabody, F. E. 1961. Annual growth zones in living and fossil vertebrates. Journal of Morphology 108:11-62.
1961
Pelycosauria indet.; captorhinid eureptile Captorh read more
Pelycosauria indet.; captorhinid eureptile Captorhinus aguti
Peecook, B. R., J. S. Steyer, N. J. Tabor, and R. M. H. Smith. 2018. Updated geology and vertebrate paleontology of the Triassic Ntawere Formation of northeastern Zambia, with special emphasis on the archosauromorphs. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 17:8-38.
2018 DOI femur of silesaurid dinosauriform
Pellegrini, R. 2007. Skeletochronology of the limb elements of mosasaurs (Squamata; Mosasauridae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 110:83-99.
2007 mosasaurs (Tylosaurus, Platecarpus, Clidastes)
Pereda-Suberbiola, X., A. Pérez-García, J. Carmelo Corral, X. Murelaga, G. Martin, J. Larrañaga, N. Bardet, A. Berreteaga, and J. Company. 2015. First dinosaur and turtle remains from the latest Cretaceous shallow marine deposits of Albaina (Laño quarry, Iberian Peninsula). Comptes Rendus Palevol 14:471-482.
2015 DOI femur of hadrosaurid dinosaur
Pereyra, M. E., P. Bona, I. A. Cerda, J. M. Jannello, M. S. De la Fuente, and B. Desántolo. 2020. Growth dynamics and body size evolution of South American long-necked chelid turtles: A bone histology approach. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65(3): 535-545.
2020 DOI
long bones of chelid turtle Yaminuechelys maior [a read more
long bones of chelid turtle Yaminuechelys maior [also extant Hydromedusa tectifera]
Pérez-García, A., T. M. Scheyer, and X. Murelaga. 2012. New interpretations on Dortoka vasconica Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga, a freshwater turtle with an unusual carapace. Cretaceous Research (in press).
2012 DOI shell bones of dortokid turtle Dortoka vasconica
Reference
Publication YearLink Morphobank DOI
1   
1
Classical overview work
2   
2
Fossil Synapsida
3   
3
Parareptilia
4   
4
Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds)
5   
5
Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds)
Taxa sampled and further notes
Pérez-García, A., T. M. Scheyer, and X. Murelaga. 2013. The turtles from the uppermost Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Galve (Iberian Range, Spain): anatomical, systematic, biostratigraphic and palaeobiogeographical implications. Cretaceous Research 44:64-82.
2013 DOI
shell bones histology of turtles: Solemydidae (aff read more
shell bones histology of turtles: Solemydidae (aff. Helochelydra), Xinjiangchelyidae, Plesiochelyidae, Pleurosternidae, Galvechelone lopezmartinezae
Persons IV, W. S., P. J. Currie, and G. M. Erickson. 2020. An older and exceptionally large adult specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex. The Anatomical Record 303:656-672.
2020 DOI
long bone of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur Tyran read more
long bone of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex
Petersen, H. 1930. Die Organe des Skeletsystems; pp. 521-676 in W. von Möllendorff (ed.), Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Bd. II/2. Springer, Berlin.
1930 sauropod Pelorosaurus
Pochat-Cottilloux, Y., J. E. Martin, R. Amiot, J. Cubo, and V. d. Buffrénil. 2022. A survey of osteoderm histology and ornamentation among Crocodylomorpha: A new proxy to infer lifestyle? Journal of Morphology 284:e21542.
2022 DOI
osteoderms of notosuchian crocodyliforms (Uruguays read more
osteoderms of notosuchian crocodyliforms (Uruguaysuchidae Araripesuchus tsangatsangana, Araripesuchus wegeneri, Simosuchus clarki, Sebecidae Iberosuchus sp.,)
Pol, D., A. C. Mancuso, R. M. H. Smith, C. A. Marsicano, J. Ramezani, I. A. Cerda, A. Otero, and V. Fernandez. 2021. Earliest evidence of herd-living and age segregation amongst dinosaurs. Scientific Reports 11:20023.
2021 DOI
long bones (femora) of sauropodomorph Mussaurus pa read more
long bones (femora) of sauropodomorph Mussaurus patagonicus
Ponce, D. A., I. A. Cerda, J. B. Desojo, and S. J. Nesbitt. 2017. The osteoderm microstructure in doswelliids and proterochampsids and its implications for palaeobiology of stem archosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62:819-831.
2017 DOI
osteoderms of the doswelliids (Doswellia kaltenbac read more
osteoderms of the doswelliids (Doswellia kaltenbachi, Vancleavea campi) and proterochampsid Chanaresuchus bonapartei
Ponce, D. A., J. B. Desojo, and I. A. Cerda. 2022. Palaeobiological inferences of the aetosaur Aetosauroides scagliai (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) based on microstructural analyses of its appendicular bones. Historical Biology 35:303-314.
2022 DOI long bones of aetosaur Aetosauroides scagliai
Ponce, D. A., M. J. Trotteyn, I. A. Cerda, L. E. Fiorelli, and J. B. Desojo. 2021. Osteohistology and paleobiological inferences of proterochampsids (Eucrocopoda: Proterochampsia) from the Chañares Formation (late Ladinian–early Carnian), La Rioja, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1926273 (14 pages).
2021 DOI
long bones and osteoderms of proterochampsid Eucro read more
long bones and osteoderms of proterochampsid Eucrocopoda (Chanaresuchus bonapartei, Rhadinosuchinae indet.)
Ponce, D. A., T. M. Scheyer, I. A. Cerda, and J. B. Desojo. 2023. Palaeobiological inferences of “rauisichians” Fasolasuchus tenax (Los Colorados Fm., Argentina) and Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Santa Maria Super sequence, Brazil) from the Middle-Upper Triassic of South America based on microstructural analyses. Journal of Anatomy (in press).
2023 DOI
long bones of 'rauisuchian' archosaurs (Fasolasuch read more
long bones of 'rauisuchian' archosaurs (Fasolasuchus tenax, Prestosuchus chiniquensis)
Pretto, F. A., F. H. Veiga, M. C. Langer, and C. L. Schultz. 2016. A juvenile sauropodomorph tibia from the 'Botucaraí Hill', Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 19:407-414.
2016 DOI long bone (tibia) of Sauropodomorpha indet.
Prondvai, E. 2014. Comparative bone histology of rhabdodontid dinosaurs. Palaeovertebrata 38:1-31.
2014 Link
postcranial bones, mostly longbones, of rhabdodont read more
postcranial bones, mostly longbones, of rhabdodontid dinosaurs (Mochlodon vorosi, Mochlodon suessi, Zalmoxes robustus, Zalmoxes shqiperorum, Zalmoxes sp., Rhabdodon sp.)
Prondvai, E. 2016. Medullary bone in fossils: function, evolution and significance in growth curve reconstructions of extinct vertebrates. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 30:440-460.
2016 DOI
long bones of iguanodontid (Tenontosaurus) and dry read more
long bones of iguanodontid (Tenontosaurus) and dryosaurid (Dysalotosaurus) ornithopod dinosaurs, and allosaurid theropod dinosaur (Allosaurus); mandibular symphysis of pterosaur Bakonydraco
Prondvai, E., and K. H. W. Stein. 2014. Medullary bone-like tissue in the mandibular symphyses of a pterosaur suggests non-reproductive significance. Nature Scientific Reports 4:6253.
2014 DOI
mandibles of azhdarchid pterosaur Bakonydraco gala read more
mandibles of azhdarchid pterosaur Bakonydraco galaczi
Prondvai, E., E. R. Bodor, and A. Ösi. 2014. Does morphology reflect osteohistology-based ontogeny? A case study of Late Cretaceous pterosaur jaw symphyses from Hungary reveals hidden taxonomic diversity. Paleobiology 40:288-321.
2014 DOI
mandibles of azhdarchid pterosaur Bakonydraco gala read more
mandibles of azhdarchid pterosaur Bakonydraco galaczi
Prondvai, E., K. Stein, A. Ösi, and M. P. Sander. 2012. Life history of Rhamphorhynchus inferred from bone histology and the diversity of pterosaurian growth strategies. PLoS ONE 7(2): e31392.
2012 DOI
several long bones (femora, tibiae, ulnae, plus on read more
several long bones (femora, tibiae, ulnae, plus one phalanx bone and one prepubis) of several specimens (growth series) of pterosaur Rhamporhynchus
Prondvai, E., P. Godefroit, D. Adriaens, and D.-Y. Hu. 2018. Intraskeletal histovariability, allometric growth patterns, and their functional implications in bird-like dinosaurs. Scientific Reports 8:258 (16 pages).
2018 DOI
paravian dinosaur taxa, Anchiornis, Aurornis, Eosi read more
paravian dinosaur taxa, Anchiornis, Aurornis, Eosinopteryx, Serikornis, and Jeholornis
Reference
Publication YearLink Morphobank DOI
1   
1
Classical overview work
2   
2
Fossil Synapsida
3   
3
Parareptilia
4   
4
Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds)
5   
5
Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds)
Taxa sampled and further notes
Qin, Z., J. Clark, J. Choiniere, and X. Xu. 2019. A new alvarezsaurian theropod from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of western China. Scientific Reports 9:11727.
2019 DOI
long bone of alvarezsaurid theropod Shishugounykus read more
long bone of alvarezsaurid theropod Shishugounykus inexpectus
Qin, Z., Q. Zhao, J. N. Choiniere, J. M. Clark, M. J. Benton, and X. Xu. 2021. Growth and miniaturization among alvarezsauroid dinosaurs. Current Biology 31:3687-3693.e5.
2021 DOI
long bones of alvarezsauroid dinosaurs Haplocheiru read more
long bones of alvarezsauroid dinosaurs Haplocheirus sollers, and futher data on Xixianykus zhang, Aorun zhaoi, Shishugounykus inexpectus, Xiyunykus pengi, and Bannykus wulatensis, Shuvuuia deserti, Albinykus baatar
Quekett, J. T. 1849a. On the intimate structure of bone as composing the skeleton in the four great classes of animals, viz., mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes, with some remarks on the great value of the knowledge of such structure in determining the affinities of minute fragments of organic remains. Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London 2:46-58.
1849
reference to turtles (“Colossochelys atlas”) a read more
reference to turtles (“Colossochelys atlas”) and dinosaurs including birds (Iguanodon, Dinornis) and synapsids (proboscidean Mastodon, xenarthran Megatherium); possibly bone histology of pterosaur bones (“Pterodactyle”)
Quekett, J. T. 1849b. Additional observations on the intimate structure of bone. Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London 2:59-64.
1849
reference to turtle ("Geochelone atlas") and phyth read more
reference to turtle ("Geochelone atlas") and phython bones; bone histological image of humerus of a "pterodactyle"; further images of extant animals (fishes, amphibians, ostrich, human)
Quekett, J. T. 1855. Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Histological Series contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Volume II. Structure of the Skeleton of Vertebrate animals. Taylor and Francis, London.
1855
reptiles including ichthyosaurs (Ichthyosaurus), t read more
reptiles including ichthyosaurs (Ichthyosaurus), turtles (“Colossochelys atlas”), pterosaurs (Pterodactylus) and birds (Dinornis giganteus, Anomalopteryx didiformis [orig. referred to as Dinornis didiformis]) and synapsids including afrotheres (proboscidean Mastodon), artiodactyls (Megaloceros giganteus [orig. referred to as Megaceros]), perissodactyls (fossil Equus?, fossil Rhinocereros?) and xenarthrans (Glyptodon clavipes, Megatherium cuvieri, Mylodon robustus)
Rauhut, O. W. M., T. R. Hübner, and K.-P. Lanser. 2016. A new megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of north-western Germany: Implications for theropod evolution and faunal turnover in the Jurassic. Palaeontologia Electronica 19.2.26A: 1-65.
2016 DOI
long bone (fibula) of megalosauroid theropod Wiehe read more
long bone (fibula) of megalosauroid theropod Wiehenvenator albati
Ray, S., A. Chinsamy, and S. Bandyopadhyay. 2005. Lystrosaurus murrayi (Therapsida, Dicynodontia): bone histology, growth and lifestyle adaptations. Palaeontology 48:1169-1185.
2005 DOI dicynodont Lystrosaurus murrayi
Ray, S., and A. Chinsamy. 2004. Diictodon feliceps (Therapsida, Dicynodontia): bone histology, growth, and biomechanics. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:180-194.
2004 Link dicynodont Diictodon feliceps
Ray, S., D. Mukherjee, and S. Bandyopadhyay. 2009. Growth patterns of fossil vertebrates as deduced from bone microstructure: case studies from India. Journal of Bioscience 34:661-672.
2009 DOI
dicynodont therapsids (Endothiodon mahalanobisi, L read more
dicynodont therapsids (Endothiodon mahalanobisi, Lystrosaurus murrayi, Wadiasaurus indicus)
Ray, S., J. Botha, and A. Chinsamy. 2004. Bone histology and growth patterns of some nonmammalian therapsids. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:634-648.
2004 Link
therapsids (gorgonopsian Scylacops, Aelurognathus; read more
therapsids (gorgonopsian Scylacops, Aelurognathus; therocephalian Pristerognathus; cynodontian Procynsuchus, Tritylodon; for dicynodont Diictodon: see Ray and Chinsamy, 2004; for Cynognathus and Diademodon: see Botha and Chinsamy, 2000)
Ray, S., S. Bandyopadhyay, and D. Bhawal. 2009. Growth patterns as deduced from bone microstructure of some selected neotherapsids with special emphasis on dicynodonts: phylogenetic implications. Palaeoworld 18:53-66.
2009
therapsids (dicynodont Endothiodon, Diictodon, Oud read more
therapsids (dicynodont Endothiodon, Diictodon, Oudenodon, Lystrosaurus, Wadiasaurus, gorgonopsian Scylacops, Aelurognathus, therocephalian Pristerognathus, cynodont Procynosuchus, Thrinaxodon, Cynognathus, Diademodon, Trirachodon, Tritylodon)
Ray, S., S. Bandyopadhyay, and R. Appana. 2010. Bone histology of a kannemeyeriid dicynodont Wadiasaurus: palaeobiological implications; pp. 73-89. in S. Bandyopadhyay (ed.), New Aspects of Mesozoic Biodiversity. Springer, Heidelberg.
2010 DOI
several skeletal elements in a growth series of th read more
several skeletal elements in a growth series of the kannemeyeriid dicynodont Wadiasaurus indicus
Redelstorff, R., and P. M. Sander. 2009. Long and girdle bone histology of Stegosaurus: implications for growth and life history. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:1087-1099.
2009 DOI long and girdle bones of Stegosaurus
Redelstorff, R., S. Hayashi, B. M. Rothschild, and A. Chinsamy. 2015. Non-traumatic bone infection in stegosaurs from Como Bluff, Wyoming. Lethaia 48:47-55.
2015 DOI
longbones (tibia and femur) of stegosaurid dinosau read more
longbones (tibia and femur) of stegosaurid dinosaur Stegosaurus sp. [focus on pathologies]
Reid, R. E. H. 1981. Lamellar-zonal bone with zones and annuli in the pelvis of a sauropod dinosaur. Nature 292:49-51.
1981 DOI Sauropoda indet.
Reid, R. E. H. 1984a. Primary bone and dinosaurian physiology. Geological Magazine 121:589-598.
1984
iguanodontids (Iguanodon sp., Rhabdodon sp. [see a read more
iguanodontids (Iguanodon sp., Rhabdodon sp. [see also Nopcsa, 1933]), a sauropod (Cetiosaurus) and Hypsilophodontidae indet. (?Hypsilophodon)
Reference
Publication YearLink Morphobank DOI
1   
1
Classical overview work
2   
2
Fossil Synapsida
3   
3
Parareptilia
4   
4
Eureptilia (excl. Dinos & Birds)
5   
5
Eureptilia (Dinos & Birds)
Taxa sampled and further notes
Reid, R. E. H. 1984b. The histology of dinosaur bone, and its possible bearing on dinosaurian physiology; pp. 629-663 in M. W. J. Ferguson (ed.), Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London. Academic Press, London.
1984 Link
theropods (Tyrannosaurus, Aristosuchus), iguanodon read more
theropods (Tyrannosaurus, Aristosuchus), iguanodontids (Iguanodon, Rhabdodon, Valdosaurus), hypsilophodontids (Hypsilophodon, Hypsilophodontidae indet.), hadrosaur Anatosaurus (=“Trachodon”), Dinosauria indet.
Reid, R. E. H. 1985. On supposed Haversian bone from the hadrosaur Anatosaurus, and the nature of compact bone in dinosaurs. Journal of Paleontology 59:140-148.
1985 Link
hadrosaur Anatosaurus (=“Trachodon”), iguanodo read more
hadrosaur Anatosaurus (=“Trachodon”), iguanodontids (Iguanodon sp., Rhabdodon sp.) sauropod Cetiosaurus and iguanodontid Valdosaurus
Reid, R. E. H. 1987. Bone and dinosaurian 'endothermy'. Modern Geology 11:133-154.
1987
Crocodylia indet. (Wealden); Sauropoda indet. and read more
Crocodylia indet. (Wealden); Sauropoda indet. and ornitischian dinosaurs (Iguanodon, Rhabdodon, Orthomerus); with reference to bone histology of therapsids (Biarmosuchus, Phthinosuchus)
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