Maidment, S. C. R., S. J. Strachan, D. Ouarhache, T. M. Scheyer, E. E. Brown, V. Fernandez, Z. Johanson, T. J. Raven, and P. M. Barrett. 2021. Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur. Nature Ecology & Evolution:5: 1576-1581.
rib and osteoderm of ankylosaurian ornithischian S
rib and osteoderm of ankylosaurian ornithischian Spicomellus afer
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Mallon, J. C., C. J. Ott, P. L. Larson, E. M. Iuliano, and D. C. Evans. 2016. Spiclypeus shipporum gen. et sp. nov., a boldly audacious new chasmosaurine ceratopsid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Judith River Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of Montana, USA. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0154218.
fibula of chasmatosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur Spic
fibula of chasmatosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur Spiclypeus shipporum
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long bone (fibula) of non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosau
long bone (fibula) of non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroid theropod
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sauropod Pelorosaurus conybeari and the nodosaurid
sauropod Pelorosaurus conybeari and the nodosaurid ankylosaur Hylaeosaurus
Mantell, G. A. 1950b. On the Pelorosaurus; an undescribed gigantic terrestrial reptile whose remains are associated with those of the Iguanodon and other saurians in the strata of Tilgate Forest, in Sussex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 140:379-390.
sauropod Pelorosaurus conybeari and the nodosaurid
sauropod Pelorosaurus conybeari and the nodosaurid ankylosaur Hylaeosaurus
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long bones of dicynodonts (Lystrosaurus maccaigi, Oudenodon bainii), cynodonts (Thrinaxodon liorhinus, Thrinaxodon liorhinus), and potential stem turtles (Pappochelys rosinae, Eunotosaurus africanus) [also info on long bone microstructure of extant terrestrial (Ovis ammon), semi-aquatic (Lutra lutra), pelagic marine (Delphinus delphis), and fossorial (Bathyergus suillus; Orycteropus afer, Dasypus novemcinctus) mammals]
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Noasauridae (Theropoda, Abelisauria) gen. et sp. i
Noasauridae (Theropoda, Abelisauria) gen. et sp. indet.
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bones of ithchyosaurs (tibia of Stenopterygius cf.
bones of ithchyosaurs (tibia of Stenopterygius cf. uniter, metacarpal II of Temnodontosaurus cf. trigonodon)
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long bones (humeri and femora) of talpids (Astheno
long bones (humeri and femora) of talpids (Asthenoscapter meini, Desmanella engesseri, Mygatalpa arvernensis, Paratalpa micheli, Proscapanus sansaniensis, Talpa europea, Talpa minor, Talpa minuta, Geotrypus sp.) [accompanied by data on extant talpids]
Mitchell, J., and P. M. Sander. 2014. The three-front model: a developmental explanation of long bone diaphyseal histology of Sauropoda. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 112:765-781.
humeri and femora of sauropod dinosaurs (Ampelosau
humeri and femora of sauropod dinosaurs (Ampelosaurus atacis, Apatosaurus sp., Camarasaurus sp., Europasaurus holgeri, Giraffatitan brancai, Magyarosaurus dacus, Diplodocidae indet.) [comparison to modern cervid Cervus elaphus]
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dinosaur tendons (Edmontosaurus annectens [originally referred to as Trachodon annectens], ankylosaurid Ankylosaurus)
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Mukherjee, D. 2015. New insights from bone microanatomy of the Late Triassic Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria): implications for archosauromorph growth strategy. Palaeontology 58:313-339.
long bones of rhynchosaurian archosauromorph Hyper
long bones of rhynchosaurian archosauromorph Hyperodapedon huxleyi; Hyperodapedon tikiensis
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skull bones (premaxilla) of rhynchosaur Hyperodape
skull bones (premaxilla) of rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon
Nakajima, Y., A. Houssaye, and H. Endo. 2014. Osteohistology of the Early Triassic ichthyopterygian reptile Utatsusaurus hataii: Implications for early ichthyosaur biology. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59:343-352.
longbones, phalanges and ribs of ichthyopterygian Utatususaurus hataii
Nasterlack, T., A. Canoville, and A. Chinsamy. 2012. New insights into the biology of the Permian genus Cistecephalus (Therapsida, Dicynodontia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32:1396-1410.
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long bones of Mesoeucrocodylia crocodyliform Notos
long bones of Mesoeucrocodylia crocodyliform Notosuchus terrestris
Navarro, T. G., I. A. Cerda, M. L. Fernández Dumont, S. Apesteguía, and D. Pol. 2024. New data on the bone histology of Araripesuchus buitreraensis (Crocodylomorpha: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Argentinean Patagonia. Histological Biology (in press).
long bones and osteoderms of crocodylomorph Ararip
long bones and osteoderms of crocodylomorph Araripesuchus cf. buitreraensis and Araripesuchus buitreraensis
Nesbitt, S. J. 2007. The anatomy of Effigia okeeffeae (Archosauria, Suchia), theropod-like convergence, and the distribution of related taxa. American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 302:1-84.
long bones of shuvosaurid poposauroid Effigia okee
long bones of shuvosaurid poposauroid Effigia okeeffeae
Nesbitt, S. J., A. H. Turner, G. M. Erickson, and M. A. Norell. 2006. Prey choice and cannibalistic behaviour in the theropod Coelophysis. Biology Letters 2:611-614.
femoral sections (through metaphysis) of the thero
femoral sections (through metaphysis) of the theropod Coelophysis (juvenile) and of the crocodylomorph cf. Hesperosuchus
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referred left femur of neotheropod dinosaur Lepidu
referred left femur of neotheropod dinosaur Lepidus praecisio
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Nesbitt, S. J., P. M. Barrett, S. Werning, C. A. Sidor, and A. J. Charig. 2012. The oldest dinosaur? A Middle Triassic dinosauriform from Tanzania. Biology Letters 9:20120949.
Nopcsa, F. von 1923a. Vorläufige Notiz über die Pachyostose und Osteosklerose einiger mariner Wirbeltiere. Anatomischer Anzeiger 56:353-359.
1923
pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simolio
pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simoliophis and Pachyophis)
Nopcsa, F. von 1923b. Eidolosaurus und Pachyophis. Zwei neue Neocom-Reptilien. Palaeontographica 55:97-154.
1923
pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simolio
pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simoliophis and Pachyophis)
Nopcsa, F. von 1925. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Agyptens. II. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 5. Die Symoliophis-Reste. Abhandlung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung 30:1-27.
1925
pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simolio
pachyostosis and osteosclerosis in snakes (Simoliophis and Pachyophis)
Nopcsa, F. von 1933. On the histology of the ribs of immature and half-grown trachodont dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1:221-223.
1933
iguanodontid Rhabdodon sp.
Nopcsa, F. von, and E. Heidsieck. 1933. On the histology of the ribs of immature and half-grown trachodont dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1:221-223.
dinosaurs (hadrosaurs Hypacrosaurus, Anatosaurus [originally referred to as Trachodon], Orthomerus, specimens of Hadrosauridae [originally referred to as Tetragonosaurus, see also Reid, 1997a, including probably Lambeosaurus lambei [originally referred to as Tetragonosaurus praeceps therein], theropod Gorgosaurus, ceratopsian Monoclonius, iguanodontid Rhabdodon, Camptosaurus, Iguanodon). Further reference to dinosaurs (theropod Procompsognathus, Coelophysis, Struthiomimus, Ornithomimus, Megalosaurus, Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Spinosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, Coelurosauria indet., hypsilophodontid Hypsilophodon, iguanodontid Camptosaurus, thyreophoran Scelidosaurus, Kentrosaurus [originally referred to as Kentrurosaurus], Stegosaurus, Struthiosaurus, Ankylosaurus, ceratopsian Psittacosaurus Protoceratops, Brachyceratops, Leptoceratops, Triceratops, ornithopod Dryosaurus [=Dysalotosaurus?]), ichthyosaurs (Temnodontosaurus acutirostris [originally referred to Leptopterygius acutirostris], Stenopterygius, Ophthalmosaurus), synapsids (dicynodont Dicynodon whaitsi, Lystrosaurus, Dicynodon)
Nopcsa, F. von, and E. Heidsieck. 1934. Über eine pachyostotische Rippe aus der Kreide Rügens. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 15:431-455.
1934
bone histology of sirenians (Halitherium), crocody
bone histology of sirenians (Halitherium), crocodylians (Teleosaurus cadomensis), mesosaurs (Mesosaurus brasiliensis, Stereosternum sp.), champsosaurid choristoderes (Champsosaurus sp.), mosasaurs (Aigialosaurus [originally referred to as Opetiosaurus, see Dutchak and Caldwell, 2009]), serpents (Pachyophis), sauropterygians (Pliosaurus ferox, “Pliosaurus adultus”, Pliosaurus sp., “Proneusticosaurus voltzi”, Neusticosaurus edwardsii [originally referred to as Pachypleurosaurus edwardsi])
O'Connor, J., M. Wang, S. Zhou, and Z. Zhou. 2015. Osteohistology of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation ornithuromorph (Aves) Iteravis huchzermeyeri. Palaeontologia Electronica 18.2.35A: 1-11
O'Keefe, F. R., P. M. Sander, T. Wintrich, and S. Werning. 2019. Ontogeny of polycotylid long bone microanatomy and histology. Integrative Organismal Biology 1(1):oby007.
Organ, C. L., A. M. Shedlock, A. Meade, M. Pagel, and S. V. Edwards. 2007. Origin of avian genome size and structure in non-avian dinosaurs. Nature 446:180-184.
osteocyte lacunae in a variety of dinosaur bones i
osteocyte lacunae in a variety of dinosaur bones including images of bones of Allosaurus fragilis
Organ, C. L., and A. M. Shedlock. 2009. Palaeogenomics of pterosaurs and the evolution of small genome size in flying vertebrates. Biology Letters 5:47-50.
Orlandi-Oliveras, G., X. Jordana, B. Moncunill-Solé, and M. Köhler. 2016. Bone histology of the giant fossil dormouse Hypnomys onicensis (Gliridae, Rodentia) from Balearic Islands. Comptes Rendus Palevol 15:238-244.
long bones of leithiine glirid Hypnomys onicensis [also on extant garden dormouse Eliomys quercinus]
Ösi, A., E. Prondvai, R. Butler, and D. B. Weishampel. 2012. Phylogeny, histology and inferred body size evolution in a new rhabdodontid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44318.
long bones (and scapula) of rhambdodontid dinosaur
long bones (and scapula) of rhambdodontid dinosaurs (Mochlodon vorosi, Mochlodon suessi, Rhabdodon)
Ostrom, J. H. 1969. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 30:1-165.
Owen, R. 1853-1864. Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Supplement (No. II) Order-Crocodilia. Palaeontological Society, London. 20-44 pp.
1853-1864
sauropod Cetiosaurus brevis and general notes to b
sauropod Cetiosaurus brevis and general notes to bone histology in dinosaurs
Owen, R. 1858. Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Part IV Dinosauria (Hylaeosaurus). Palaeontological Society, London. 8-26 pp.
1858
dermal spine of Hylaeosaurus (Thyreophora: Ankylos
dermal spine of Hylaeosaurus (Thyreophora: Ankylosauria)
Owen, R. 1878. On the fossils called ‘‘Granicones’’; being a contribution to the histology of the exoskeleton in ‘‘Reptilia’’. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 1:233-236, plates 12+13.